Konstantinos Konstantinidis – Amphiktyon
IntroductionI know in advance that I will displease those who insist on the existence of a personal God–creator of everything, visible and invisible, and therefore of the Universe. However, this is an unverifiable belief, just as the theoretical approach I quote below is unverifiable. Neither of the two has scientific proof in the strict sense (experiment – measurement – verification). Therefore, they can be characterized as neither true nor false, but are objects of scientific and philosophical study and reflection. Those who doubt the existence of a creator base their argument on the fact that someone created the creator. Therefore, the saying of Heraclitus is more logical: “That world, the same of all, neither gods nor men created it, but it was and is and will be an eternal fire, reaching and extinguishing by measure…”
A. PHILOSOPHICAL – COSMOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Chaos according to Hesiod Hesiod in the Theogony states: “First Chaos was born,
then Gaia,
then Tartarus
and finally Eros the old.” These four principles are self-generated; one was not created by the other nor by any god. Chaos is not non-existence, but the formless, dark and energetic space that pre-existed cosmic decoration. In it, matter and energy are potentially in a state of disorder. Cosmic Cupid and Eris Cosmic Cupid is not identified with the erotic god of mythology, but is the attractive and cohesive principle that allows the union of similar and opposite elements of matter. Its opposite is Eris, the force of disintegration and entropy. The universe exists through this dialectical tension of union and separation. The same dual meaning is also carried by the names Zeus (from “to unite”) and Zeus (from “to divide”). The Sacred Tetraktys The four principles of Hesiod constitute the Sacred Tetraktys, the foundation of the ancient Greek worldview: Four states of matter: Earth – Water – Air – Fire Four functions of the soul: Sensation – Emotion – Understanding – Knowledge Four virtues: Prudence – Courage – Prudence – Justice Without this knowledge, the Ancient Greek Spirit becomes incomprehensible. Universe and Cosmos according to Heraclitus The Universe is the infinite, eternal and self-created whole.
The Cosmos is the decorated part of the Universe: stars, galaxies, planets. The Greeks speak of many worlds, not many universes. The Universe for the Greeks, as the word “Syn pan = Universe, that is, the Whole” reveals. The properties of the Universe according to the Greeks were: One and only Eternal, Infinite, One, Unborn, Creator, Indestructible, Self-sufficient, Self-generated, Immutable, Immovable, Perfect. Inside “Everything Flows”
PART II PHYSICAL – COSMOLOGICAL APPROACH
(This section is not a proven physical theory, but a logical approach to the truth and a philosophical interpretation in terms of modern physics.) Chaos in modern science Physicist Ilya Prigogine showed that Chaos can self-organize and produce new structures. It is not static, but dynamic and creative. The fundamental forces In modern physics, four fundamental forces are recognized: Electromagnetic Gravitational Strong Nuclear Weak Nuclear The laws of nature are relentless and unchanging in contrast to human laws that change with changing conditions on earth Hypothesis about the causes of the Big Bang The Big Bang theory describes the after, not the before. The present hypothesis proposes four stages: Chaotic instability in an energy field and the appearance of potentially viable particles. Creation of plasma (quarks, electrons, photons, neutrinos). Condensation into a fiery mass with infinite temperature and infinite pressure. Big Bang and expansion of the Universe. Cooling, deceleration, contraction and a new explosion follow:
an eternal cycle of creation and decay. Did the Big Bang happen once, due to a singularity, or do such explosions occur continuously in the Universe and new worlds are created? Someday we will find out. Epilogue The world is not created once, but continuously.
The flow, law and reason of nature know no beginning and end — only transformations. (4/2/.2026)
Amphiktyon – Major General (retd) Konstantinos KonstantinidisWriter, Member of the Society of Greek Writers
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